Of the deaths studied, "a total of 240 deaths (73.9%) were independently adjudicated as directly due to or significantly contributed to by COVID-19 vaccination."
Shan Chao was directed to "find out which one had the best ability to infect as many species as possible," and to "find out how easy it was to infect other species."
Both COVID vaccines and the virus itself are "plausible triggers" of the disease, but the study authors specify that vaccines were "more frequently" linked to the ulcers than the virus.
The study also found that the effectiveness of the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines was only 29% during the omicron BA.4 and BA.5 variant phases, 20% during the BQ-dominant phase, and 4% during the XBB-dominant phase.
The study, titled "Using deep learning to predict ideology from facial photographs: expressions, beauty, and extra-facial information," was published in Scientific Reports.