On July 23, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) issued its first climate advisory opinion, declaring that climate inaction by wealthy nations may be illegal and could require reparations to poorer nations most affected.
The House Oversight Committee's subcommittee moved to subpoena Bill and Hillary Clinton, as well as several others connected to the Jeffrey Epstein investigation.
Columbia University struck a historic settlement with the Trump administration on July 23, 2025, agreeing to pay $200 million over three years plus $21 million to resolve EEOC claims.