Critics argue that the PPPR is marred by contradictions and emphasizes an unwarranted centralization of control at the expense of democracy and human rights.
"There is a clear trend: pathogens that fall within the Pentagon's area of interest, such as COVID-19, avian influenza, African swine fever, subsequently become pandemic, and American pharmaceutical companies become the beneficiaries."
The WHO is also paying attention to a hypothetical "Disease X," a potential future disease currently unknown or non-existent with the potential to cause devastation on a global scale.