The Pentagon has conducted a live training exercise where fighter pilots took tactical commands from an artificial intelligence system—a first in U.S. military history. The test is being hailed by defense officials as a major step toward automating battlefield decisions and integrating AI into real-time combat operations.
During the August 2025 joint exercise, pilots in F-16s, F/A-18s, and F-35s were directed by an AI air battle manager called Starsage, developed by Raft AI. The AI system processed radar, sensor, and satellite data, then issued commands to each aircraft individually in real time. The system reportedly outperformed human controllers in speed and precision, significantly reducing response times in complex combat scenarios.
Raft AI CEO Shubhi Mishra confirmed that the AI managed multiple aircraft simultaneously while tailoring guidance to each pilot. The company stated that the AI shortened decision-making time from minutes to mere seconds. U.S. military officials did not confirm whether any weapons were fired during the exercise.
The test follows earlier AI integration milestones, including a 2023 dogfight in which an AI-controlled F-16 defeated a human pilot. In 2024, Air Force Secretary Frank Kendall flew aboard an AI-piloted jet, describing the system’s performance as a “game-changer” for future air combat capabilities. He stated AI may soon be authorized to make lethal decisions—under human oversight.
The Air Force continues advancing the Collaborative Combat Aircraft (CCA) program, which will pair piloted aircraft with autonomous drones, or “loyal wingmen.” The initiative is designed to expand U.S. air dominance while reducing risk to human life and cutting costs. Lockheed Martin is developing a “pilot-optional” version of the F-35 as part of that long-term vision.
Critics of military AI programs have warned that increasing reliance on machines could lead to unforeseen consequences, particularly in scenarios involving rapid escalation or electronic warfare. However, the Pentagon insists human authorization will remain a requirement for the use of deadly force.
