President Biden on Monday defended his push to raise corporate taxes to pay for higher infrastructure spending, while Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen made the case for a global minimum tax that would prevent U.S. companies from moving overseas to avoid higher taxes at home.

The president, returning to Washington from a weekend at Camp David, told reporters he’s “not at all” worried that a higher tax rate will drive companies out of the U.S.

“There’s no evidence of that,” Mr. Biden said. “You’re talking about companies in the Fortune 500 that haven’t paid a single penny in tax for three years. Come on man.”

Ms. Yellen said Monday called for global coordination on an international tax rate that would apply to multinational corporations regardless of where their headquarters are located. She said such a global tax could halt the “thirty-year race to the bottom” in which countries have competed against each other by lowering their corporate tax rates, as the U.S. did under President Trump.

“Competitiveness is about more than how U.S.-headquartered companies fare against other companies in global merger and acquisition bids,” Ms. Yellen told the Chicago Council on Global Affairs. “It is about making sure that governments have stable tax systems that raise sufficient revenue to invest in essential public goods and respond to crises, and that all citizens fairly share the burden of financing government.”